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The Abaza family (Arabic: الأسرة الأباظية), "deeply rooted in Egyptian society and… in the history of the country", is an Egyptian family that has played a powerful and long-standing role in Egyptian cultural, economic, intellectual and political life. It is known as "the family of the pashas" for having produced the largest number of nobles under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and was noted in Egyptian media as one of the main "families that rule Egypt".〔http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook〕〔http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html〕 Notables include Wagih Abaza, the Governor of Sharqia Governorate, Cairo, Beheira and Gharbia, and a member of the secretive Free Officers movement of the 1950s which convinced Farouk of Egypt to abdicate.〔 Others included the longest serving Minister in Egyptian history (17 years) of Electricity and Energy who is credited for supplying the vast majority of the country's rural areas with electricity for the first time.〔 The first Egyptian Pasha after the fall of the Circassian Mamluks was an Abaza.〔 Perhaps more importantly, the clan is also known for contributions to modern Arabic literature such as in the poetry of Aziz Pasha Abaza, novels of Tharwat Abaza and journalistic work (and revolutionary political activism) of Fekry Pasha Abaza who was known as the father of Egyptian journalism.〔https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9〕〔https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9〕 Their main stronghold is the Sharqia Governorate. Several villages in the Nile Delta are named after members of the clan, particularly surrounding the village of Kafr Abaza. The family monopolized several districts in their power centers for 70 years uninterrupted except by the January 25 Revolution.〔http://www.archivegypt.com/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-4-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A/〕 == Overview == The Egyptian Abaza family well known in the country because "they seem to have produced an extraordinary number of exemplary individuals. Their family tree – every single generation – is littered with high profile politicians, intellectuals, business moguls and literary sensations.".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Abaza Brothers ) 〕 It is said to have "offered the nation treasures of literature and cinema" and to be "Egypt’s oldest parliamentary dynasty".〔〔http://ahram-canada.com/87041#.Vk4E3L8wDaS〕 The Abkhazians were one of several ethnic groups living in the Russian Empire who left during the ethnic cleansing of Circassians in the mid-19th century. However, some sources indicate that the Egyptian Abaza family was well established in the Nile Delta by the 18th century.〔Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot, ''Egypt in the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha'', pp. 123–124.〕 In Egypt, the Abkhazians took — or were given — the last name "Abaza".〔 Abkhazia is a region of the Caucasian Black Sea coast, home of the Abkhazians, a people related to the Circassian people and speaking the Abkhaz language. A subgroup of teh Abkhazians are teh Abazin people, which this Egyptian family belongs to. This maternal ancestor married the head of the powerful Al Ayed clan prior to the reign of Muhammad Ali of Egypt.〔http://www.alnssabon.com/t1697.html〕 In the widely referenced study ''Egypt in the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha'', Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot mentions a traditional belief among the Egyptian Abaza family that they were named after a "beloved grandmother… or her place of birth". Family elders sat on the Majlis (council) created by Ibrahim Pasha, "uhda" (or royal endowments) of villages and land were obtained by the family and "the Abaza flourished".〔 During the accession of the young king Farouk, "the Abaza family had solicited palace authorities to permit the royal train to stop briefly in their village so that the king could partake in refreshments offered in a large, magnificently ornamented tent they had erected in the train station".〔Yunan Labib Rizk, (''The making of a king'' ), ''Al-Ahram Weekly'', 762, 29 Sep - 5 Oct 2005.〕 In more recent decades the Society for Protection of Animal Rights in Egypt, the country's first and largest animal rights organization, was founded in 2001 by the novelist Tharwat Abaza's daughter, Amina Tharwat Abaza, and the musical output of the family's first avant-garde electronic music composer Kelsely Abaza received some critical acclaim.〔〔http://www.sparelives.org/index.pl/about〕 Further cinematic figures have come to light particularly with Ingy Abaza, a young actress whose most notable work was with renowned director Yussef Chahine in his film Al-maseer (Arabic: المصير).〔http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1013299/〕 The Egyptian Abaza family is thought to number around 50,000 members,〔〔 The first Egyptian Pasha after the fall of the Circassian Mamluks was an Abaza.〔 but this is difficult to verify. No official census has ever been conducted in Egypt regarding Circassian communities in the country, and thus these numbers are highly unreliable. In 2014 the family sued Sada Elbalad TV for the creation of a children's cartoon named Abaza and the program was forced off the air.〔http://www.albawabhnews.com/672381〕 In the same year Egyptian satellite channel CBC Two aired a one hour documentary on the clan.〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CngWX-wn5U〕 A lentil dish attributed to Egypt's Abaza clan is known in the country as 'ads abazy (Arabic: عدس أباظي).〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaffrfS6dzU〕 The Egyptian Abaza family descends from its modern founding father Hassan Pasha Abaza, titled also as ''Sheikh of the Arabs'', a title given to any head of sufficiently influential clan at the time.〔 Other Abaza received the title or variations on it, such as Shiekh Boghdady Abaza who with Hassan Pasha were the only case of a single family holding two seats in Ibrahim Pasha's Majlis.〔 The name Abaza also refers to the ethnic group to which the family belongs as well as their native language and a town in Russia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abaza family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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